PERC sports new updated look ? Huntingtonian: Huntington ...

Renovated weight room. (Photo by Rachel Batdorff)

Changes to the Physical Education and Recreation Center are up and running.

?I love that you can watch TV,? Doris Walker, a senior, said of the updates to the cardio area of the PERC. ?These treadmills have less impact than the old ones so it?s easier to run.?

The updated cardio area, one of six updated units in the PERC, is now located in front of the racquetball courts.

?The decision was made to impact more students by upgrading more than just the track,? Vince Haupert, vice president for advancement, said of the multiple new improvements to the PERC. ?There isn?t one piece of equipment in the facility that isn?t brand new.?

Walker said she appreciates the changes that were made, with only one minor issue.

?I like the open running space,? Walker said of the new location. ?There?s more air flow, but I wonder if some people might feel uncomfortable running where everyone can see you.?

Russ Lawson, coordinator of recreational development, said that the move added a couple of additional cardio pieces and upgraded the entire fleet of cardio machines.

?It?s all new, top of the line,? Lawson said. ?I think the students will also like the additional TV counsels and capability to plug their iPods into the machine.?

The exercise room, located to the immediate right when entering the PERC, now has brand new Life Fitness circuit training machines, Troy dumbbells and two TV monitors.

?The last time we had a change with our equipment was twenty years ago,? Lawson said. ?With the new equipment comes more technology, giving the machines a smoother, more free weight feel.?

A new addition to the PERC is a student lounge area. This will be located in front of the cardio area just outside the gymnasium, giving students a place to kill time between practices, games or classes, Lawson said.

Julie Hendryx, director of human resources and auxiliary services, said that the lounge furniture consists of two pub height tables and chairs, along with a counter and stools. The stools have arrived and the tables should come within the next three weeks.

The free weights room has also undergone drastic changes.

?The new equipment in here is Hammer Strength,? Lawson said. ?They?re the provider for the NFL and we felt like if it?s good enough for professional football, it?s good enough for us.?

Lawson said Professor Ruiz was instrumentally in bringing the Hammer Strength equipment here.

The dance room, or mirror room, now has more space to accommodate larger groups.

?Our vision is to open up the space,? Lawson said. ?The only thing that?s really been done so far is we?ve taken stuff out.?

The area was running out of space for classes and other large groups because of the mats on the floor, cardio machines and bikes. These items have been removed and now the space can accommodate a class of 20-30 people, Lawson said.

?We?ve added stability balls, med balls and yoga mats to make it more of our core exercise room,? Lawson said.

The dance room also now has a 55-inch TV, enabling large groups to participate in workout DVDs together.

The track and press box are the last pieces to the current PERC updates.

?We still have to measure and paint the lanes,? Lawson said about the track. ?We are probably looking at two weeks before it?s done.?

Due to the current bug infestation of the soccer field, the press box is on the back burner, Lawson said.

Haupert said these renovations make up the final projects for the Together Campaign.

The total cost of the track and PERC improvements is $950,000. All the money has been raised for this project through donors or revenue from room and board. The cost of the improvements will be completely paid off by 2014 through fulfilled pledges, Haupert said.

Past improvements to the PERC include the addition of brand new bleachers in the main gym.

Looking to the future, Haupert said new plans are already underway to start a new campaign and raise money for pool renovations. This is in the planning stage and no details have been set in stone.

?The general reaction to the new equipment is positive,? Haupert said of his observations of the current renovations. ?Returning students have been very surprised and very excited about the new equipment.?

Source: http://www.huntingtonian.com/?p=16402

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Making The Most Of Your Commercial Real Estate Transactions ...

Getting involved in commercial real estate transactions is sometimes overwhelming, and both beginners and veterans will find it stressful at times. Below, you?ll find some great commercial real estate tips to help you alleviate or work around areas of stress that you could experience.

Emergency repairs should be a high priority on your list. Be sure to find out who takes care of maintenance in the building and also who handles emergency repair situations. Be sure to have emergency numbers on hand, and remember to check about a quoted response time for maintenance emergencies. Use any information you can get from your landlord so contingencies are ready for the times your normal business operations are interrupted so you can safeguard your customer service and your reputation.

If you are investing in commercial properties, keep an eye out for any possibilities of buying bigger. It?s not more work managing more units than less units, but each unit can cost less if you buy a property with more.

TIP! Before you start looking for a commercial property, decide what your goals are. What are you plans for the property, your own business or leasing it? Ensuring you know what your goals are and having them written down will help you to narrow down your results successfully.

Don?t underestimate the value of networking with other investors or with private lenders when trying to purchase commercial real estate. For example, those in your network can give you the ?inside scoop? on properties, even those that are unlisted.

Pest Control

Pest control is an important issue to look at when you rent or lease. This is especially important when an area is known to have pest and rodent problems. Prior to signing a lease, ask your agent what the current pest control policies are.

TIP! Take tours of any properties that you?re considering. Consider going with a contractor when you are looking at places you want to buy.

If you want to sell a property, advertise it locally and on a wider level too. Too many people assume that only the locals are interested in buying property in the area. Many investors will consider purchasing a property outside their own region if the price is right.

Borrowers have to order appraisals with commercial loans. You?re not going to be allowed to use this later by the bank. Be properly prepared by ordering the appraisal directly.

Square Footage

TIP! Buying a larger property is great for a variety of reasons. With more units, you will give yourself a better chance of realizing a significant profit from your property.

Clearly state the amount of square footage you have available. There are two different ways to measure square footage for commercial properties. The first is usable square feet, while the second measurement is total square feet, which often includes unusable areas and walls. In order to make the whole transaction much more clear, it is important to know both square footage totals.

NOI, also known as Net Operating Income, is a crucial metric to understand in the world of commercial real estate dealings. Make sure you are staying in the black to be successful.

Aim to avoid default before you sign a real estate lease. If you are able to successfully do this, you?ll find that your probability of having the tenant within the building defaulting will be low. That is not a situation you would want to encounter.

TIP! Verify the terms that match your pro forma and the rent roll. Failing to review the terms might cause you to encounter a term not encompassed by the rent roll, thus resulting in changes to the pro forma.

Define yourself as an expert in your field by writing a regular blog on your business website. Putting up a blog will also help you find lessees or buyers for your commercial properties as well.

Locate a financing source prior to making any offers on pieces of commercial real estate. Discover your area?s best lenders by talking to friends and investors that you know. Before beginning the task of purchasing a property, take time to research the lenders and choose one who will fulfill your needs. Doing your homework ahead of time will make the loan process easier and increase chances for a positive outcome.

If you are investigating multiple properties, make sure that you take a site checklist with you. Get the responses from the first round of proposals, but make sure the property owners are aware of this before proceeding. Do not be shy about mentioning that you?re also looking at other properties that day. You may even get a more favorable deal!

TIP! When you are setting up your home office or commercial property for selling purposes, consider the Asian art of feng shui. A space that is open and not cluttered is one of the principles id feng shui that buyers like.

Real Estate

Don?t be afraid to question any potential real estate agents, and ask for references. Find out their criteria for deciding whether a result is good or not. Be sure that you understand his techniques and approach. You need to share the same strategies and beliefs as your real estate broker in order to work successfully with them.

If your plan is to use your commercial properties as rental properties, you should seek buildings of solid and simple construction. These types of buildings attract tenants more quickly than other buildings, as prospective tenants know that the building is less likely to have maintenance issues. Not are the buildings more sturdy, there will be less maintenance issues for the owner and the tenant.

TIP! It is prudent to consult a tax specialist before purchasing real estate. The tax adviser will explain information about the overall costs of the buildings, and can elaborate more about how taxes will affect your income.

Looking for that perfect piece of commercial property can seem like an endless journey, with much to learn for even the most experienced buyers. However, the advice you were given in this article should help you make that process easier and more

-->

Source: http://www.maynaseric.com/making-the-most-of-your-commercial-real-estate-transactions-2

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Zimbabwe's Mugabe inaugurates Chinese-built defence college

Zimbabwe's Mugabe inaugurates Chinese-built defence college

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Do SAT scores help or hurt in decisions about who will do well in college?

Friday, September 14, 2012

Every year, nervous high school juniors and seniors, clutching #2 pencils and armed with hours of test preparation, sit down and take the SAT. At their most basic, these tests focus on verbal, math, and writing ability, and performance on these tests has been linked to subsequent academic performance. As a result, college admissions teams use SAT scores along with other information, such as high school grades, in choosing their incoming freshman classes.

It is perhaps no surprise, then, that the SAT has been the subject of much scrutiny. Some researchers have asserted that the SAT isn't a good predictor of academic performance in college once socioeconomic status (SES) ? usually measured as a combination of parents' education and family income ? and high school grade point average are taken into account.

And some critics have argued that the SAT is fundamentally biased against students from low-SES backgrounds, acting as a barrier that prevents them from gaining admission to college.

"This was an eye catching claim," says psychological scientist Paul Sackett of the University of Minnesota. "So we set out to obtain data to examine whether that claim really held up."

Sackett and his colleagues at the University of Minnesota examined data from 143,606 students at 110 colleges and universities and contrasted their findings with data from the University of California system that had been studied in previous research.

Their findings are reported in a new article published in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science.

They found that in all the datasets, both the SAT and high school grades contributed to predicting academic performance in college. And, contrary to previous research, taking parents' education and family income into account had little effect on the relationship between SAT scores and college performance. These findings suggest that the SAT remains a useful indicator for college admissions decisions.

Moreover, Sackett and his colleagues found that the SES of students actually enrolled in college was very similar to the SES of students who were applying to college. When they examined the data more closely and looked at the entire applicant pool, they found that fewer low-SES students were entering the college admissions process.

Based on these findings, it seems that low-SES students are not underrepresented in colleges because low SAT scores prevent them from gaining admission, but rather because fewer low-SES students apply to college in the first place.

"We view this as broadly relevant," says Sackett. "Entrance tests such as the SAT receive a great deal of public scrutiny and it is important for all involved?students, parents, college officials?that accurate information about how the test functions be available."

###

Association for Psychological Science: http://www.psychologicalscience.org

Thanks to Association for Psychological Science for this article.

This press release was posted to serve as a topic for discussion. Please comment below. We try our best to only post press releases that are associated with peer reviewed scientific literature. Critical discussions of the research are appreciated. If you need help finding a link to the original article, please contact us on twitter or via e-mail.

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Source: http://www.labspaces.net/123498/Do_SAT_scores_help_or_hurt_in_decisions_about_who_will_do_well_in_college_

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Opt out and suffer the consequences, EU criminal law report warns ...

It is essential that the decision the country takes is made with due consideration of what the consequences might be - and not on the basis of misunderstandings."


?John Spencer

The UK is in danger of compromising its ability to police international crimes like terrorism and drug trafficking by exercising its right to opt out of EU criminal law, a report has warned.

The 79-page study, by researchers working at the Centre for European Legal Studies (CELS), at the University of Cambridge examines the likely consequences of the UK choosing to withdraw from a swathe of EU criminal legislation under terms agreed at the Treaty of Lisbon in 2007.

Protocol 36 of the Treaty entitles the UK to opt out of a range of European measures concerning police and criminal justice before June 2014. The Government is under increasing pressure to do so, particularly from those who believe that exercising this right would ?repatriate? criminal justice to the UK.

But the new report argues that the escalating opt-out debate is proceeding on the basis of a misunderstanding both about what exercising the Protocol 36 opt-out would achieve, and the difficulties that would result from it. It stresses that key measures which allow the UK to police international crimes, for example, by enabling the swift extradition of terrorists or other wanted criminals who have fled to Europe, would be lost.

Having opted out of these laws, it suggests that in many cases the UK would be left with little choice but to ask the EU for permission to opt back in. Failing to do so ?would prioritise antipathy for the European Union above any benefit for British law enforcement or criminal justice that results from any of the EU measures,? the paper adds.

The paper also says that the repatriation argument is a flawed. A range of new EU criminal justice measures, agreed since the Treaty of Lisbon came into force three years ago, would remain in place and continue to apply in the UK as before.

The authors ? Alicia Hinarejos and John Spencer from Cambridge, together with Steve Peers from Essex ? conclude: ?In this area of law, the UK is facing an important choice about its relations with the European Union. It is essential that the decision the country takes is made with due consideration of what the consequences might be ? and not on the basis of misunderstandings. We hope this paper will help to make that possible.?

Under the terms of Protocol 36, the UK could opt out of more than 130 European criminal justice measures at any time before June 2014, when the Court of Justice of the EU at Luxembourg is due to acquire jurisdiction in relation to them. The opt-out has to be on an all-or-nothing basis. Having opted out the UK could, however, then ask the EU for permission to opt back into some or all of the measures it had withdrawn from.

The original purpose of the Protocol 36 opt-out was a narrow one. Under the Treaty of Maastricht, Member States which failed to apply EU criminal justice legislation could not be sanctioned by the Court at Luxembourg. For measures adopted after Lisbon, they can be. As from December 2014, the new regime will apply to the earlier measures too. The Protocol 36 opt-out was devised to give the UK the chance, in respect of these earlier measures ? all of which it had originally agreed to ? to change its mind before this happened.

Some, however, see the Protocol as a device which would enable the complete repatriation of criminal justice to the UK. In February 2012, a group of MPs wrote to The Daily Telegraph urging the Government to use it on this basis. The Home Secretary has promised a Parliamentary debate, and some analysts believe that the Government may ultimately exercise the opt-out to deflect the pressure for a wider referendum on Europe.

The paper points out, however, that Protocol 36 would not free the UK from EU criminal justice legislation. This is because the protocol only enables an opt-out from measures established before the Treaty of Lisbon came into force in 2009. Since then, the UK has actively agreed to a range of other instruments which would remain in place. These include measures guaranteeing certain minimum rights to suspects during a police investigation, and others against crimes like people trafficking and child sex abuse.

More urgently, however, the Cambridge study argues that opting out of the pre-2009 legislation would mean the loss of measures that would directly threaten law and order in the UK. This includes the European Arrest Warrant (EAW), the opponents of which believe to be a specific piece of legislation with which the UK should terminate its involvement.

The EAW requires another EU member state to arrest and transfer a criminal suspect or sentenced person to the state which has issued the warrant so that they can be put on trial. While the paper accepts that the EAW has its problems, it argues that these can be resolved at EU level, rather than by pulling the UK out of it ? a course that would hinder the UK?s ability to extradite criminals from within the EU once they have fled to Ireland, France, or another member state.

?If it reduced the likelihood of our citizens facing trials abroad, it would also make it difficult for us to get our hands on people who, having committed crimes in the UK, have fled by Ryanair or EasyJet to Europe,? one author commented. ?Thanks to the EAW, for example, Husain Osman, one of the July 21 bombers, was returned from Italy within weeks. Without it, we might still be waiting for him now.?

The opt-out would have a similar effect on a wide range of other criminal justice measures which are discussed in detail in the report. These include legislation designed to enable information-sharing between European police forces and national prosecution agencies, and rulings which ensure that EU states will prohibit certain crimes, among them terrorism, bribery, money-laundering and electronic payment frauds, with deterrent penalties.

As a result, the report concludes that much of EU criminal law is too much of a practical necessity for an opt-out to be desirable, and that the UK should maintain its participation in these measures.

?A block opt-out would make it harder for British police to investigate crimes with a cross-border element, harder to get hold of fugitives who flee the UK to another member state, and harder to move foreign convicted criminals from British prisons to other member states,? the authors add. ?There is a risk that some serious crimes would be committed which would have been prevented if the block opt-out had not been exercised and a similar risk that some crimes would go unpunished. It is worth asking whether this is a price worth paying for a purely nominal increase in British sovereignty??


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Source: http://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/opt-out-and-suffer-the-consequences-eu-criminal-law-report-warns/

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O2 announce iPhone 5 pricing too!

Earlier we bought you news that Orange and T-Mobile had announced their pricing for the iPhone 5. Well now O2 are getting in on the act and have posted up some prices of their own, things aren?t looking too cheap over on the blue side of the fence either.

They are yet to let slip how much you will have to pay for the handsets but the cheapest contract comes in at ?26 a month and will score you unlimited minutes and texts with 1GB of data. You can bet that the phone wont be cheap at that price. Things?escalate?up to ?46 a month for what (we can only assume) is the plan with a free/cheap iPhone 5. These plans are all 24 month contracts on the O2 ?On & On? plan. A standard tariff stands you in at the wallet?destroyingly?high ?63 a month.

It?s also worth mentioning the problems you may have getting the most out of your device on O2. As stated by Leigh the other day, the UK iPhone 5 only supports the LTE network that EE have bought up (lucky break hey), so your only hope to use your iPhone 5 with 4G currently is to get it with EE or Three who have a slice of the pie and will be launching next year.

Source ? O2

About Tom Ranson

Member of the CoolSmartphone.com Grammar Police, Technology Ambassador, Motorsport Enthusiast and Tottenham Hotspur fan. Living in North Essex I get to play with ?future technologies? in my day to day job.

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/coolsmartphone/uJxV/~3/y1_nwWI9Leg/

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So Yeon Ryu, Haeji Kang lead Women's British Open

So Yeon Ryu of South Korea putts on 18 during her first round at the Women?s British Open golf championships at Royal Liverpool Golf Club, Hoylake, England, Thursday Sept. 13, 2012. (AP Photo/Jon Super)

So Yeon Ryu of South Korea putts on 18 during her first round at the Women?s British Open golf championships at Royal Liverpool Golf Club, Hoylake, England, Thursday Sept. 13, 2012. (AP Photo/Jon Super)

Haeji Kang of Korea smiles after finishing her first round during the Women?s British Open golf championships at Royal Liverpool Golf Club, Hoylake, England, Thursday Sept. 13, 2012. (AP Photo/Jon Super)

Stacey Keating of Australia plays out of a bunker on the 18th green during the first round of the Women?s British Open golf championships at Royal Liverpool Golf Club, Hoylake, England, Thursday Sept. 13, 2012. (AP Photo/Jon Super)

Stacey Keating of Australia reacts after missing a putt on the 18th green during the first round of the Women?s British Open golf championships at Royal Liverpool Golf Club, Hoylake, England, Thursday Sept. 13, 2012. (AP Photo/Jon Super)

Stacy Lewis of the USA walks to a shot on the 12th green during the first round of the Women?s British Open golf championships at Royal Liverpool Golf Club, Hoylake, England, Thursday Sept. 13, 2012. (AP Photo/Jon Super)

(AP) ? So Yeon Ryu won the U.S. Women's Open last summer in Colorado and backed it up with a victory last month in the Jamie Farr Toledo Classic.

The 22-year-old South Korean player made another big statement Thursday at Royal Liverpoool in her Women's British Open debut, shooting a 2-under 70 for a share of the first-round lead with Haeji Kang.

"After I won (in Toledo), I was a little more relieved and that helped me a lot," Ryu said. "How can I say, even when I was winning the U.S. Women's Open, a lot of people said it might be just one tournament or just a dark horse like that. But after I won the Toledo championship, I broke that."

Coming off a victory last week in a Korean LPGA event, Ryu had five birdies and two bogeys in relatively calm conditions on the difficult links course.

"This is my first time played in England, so I never played this type of golf course," Ryu said. "It's really tough, but fun. Always the first experience, really fun and a little tough, but I want to enjoy this type of golf course.

"Actually, Tuesday and Wednesday was so bad, so today feels like a really great weather. But you know, in Korea it was a little really strong wind, and a little different from this course. This wind might not be a bad wind. I think today the weather was really great."

The 2-under leading score is the highest in the first round since the tournament became a major in 2002, in relatively calm conditions.

The 21-year-old Kang, also from South Korea, had six birdies, two bogeys and a double bogey.

"I hit it pretty good out there," said Kang, winless on the LPGA Tour. "My iron shots were just inside 20 feet all the time, so I could just putt it out."

She hit 13 greens in regulation and needed only 27 putts in her morning round.

"Oh, it was much better this morning," Kang said. "As soon as I made the turn, it started blow. But I played yesterday the practice round with the rain, also, so I'm ready."

Australia's Karrie Webb, the tournament winner in 1995, 1997 and 2002, was a stroke back along with 16-year-old English amateur Charley Hull, Jiyai Shin, Ai Miyazato, Mika Miyazato, Stacey Keating, Lydia Hall, Vicky Hurst and Kate Kutcher.

"I think it counts for a little bit," Webb said about her experience in the event. "But you've still got to go out there and hit the shot, and you've got to commit to the lines that you want to hit your shots on. ... There's a lot of links courses that there's a side to miss on, and I don't think this course, especially off the tee, there's a side to miss on. You've just got to get up there and hit a good shot."

Shin, the 2008 winner at Sunningdale, won the Kingsmill Championship on Monday in Virginia, beating Paula Creamer on the ninth hole of a playoff.

Two-time defending champion Yani Tseng opened with a 72. She played alongside Ai Miyazato and Creamer.

"I feel pretty good, first day of the tournament," Tseng said. "I feel like I'm hitting so many good shots out there, making some good putts to save the par, and I'm very happy and very enjoyed playing with Ai and Paula today. It's a four day tournament, just have to be patient on this tough golf course, and today maybe it's kind of a good day to make some more birdies but I don't think you want to try too hard out there, because the harder you try, the worse you get."

Lydia Ko, the 15-year-old amateur coming off a victory three weeks ago in the Canadian Women's Open, also shot a 72.

"This is one of the hardest golf courses I have ever played," said Ko, the youngest winner in LPGA Tour history. "''But shooting even par is a pretty good start."

The South Korean-born New Zealander won the New South Wales Open in Australia in January and took the U.S. Women's Amateur last month.

"I think some people say that I should be able to win again, but I mean, you never know," ''You could be playing good the day before and not so good the day after, and I think that's all about golf, you play every shot and every round. Yeah, they are probably expecting a big thing from me and yeah, but I'm not going to take that much interest. Just got to play my own game. It's not like I'm going to play any better by thinking that they want me to play really good."

Creamer had a 73.

"I played really well all day and hit a lot of great shots," Creamer said. "I just had seven three- putts or something, missed a lot of short putts ? birdie opportunities."

Michelle Wie had a 75.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/347875155d53465d95cec892aeb06419/Article_2012-09-13-GLF-Women's-British-Open/id-7bc463c31b074f29bd7793ba8afcd246

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Quotations of the day

"We reject all efforts to denigrate the religious beliefs of others, but there is absolutely no justification for this type of senseless violence. None." ? President Barack Obama in a statement as the U.S. dispatched an elite group of Marines to Tripoli on Wednesday after the mob attack that killed the U.S. ambassador and three other Americans.

___

"Planners and pundits ought to consider that the riots and unrest following a Web entry about an obscure film are probably a fraction of what could happen following a strike ? by the Israelis or U.S. ? on Iran," ? Retired Lt. Gen. Gregory Newbold, an endorser of the Iran report that said that a U.S. military strikes on Iran would shake the regime's political control and damage its ability to launch counterstrikes, but the Iranians probably would manage to retaliate, directly and through surrogates, in ways that risked igniting all-out war in the Middle East.

___

"There are so many factors that are acting in this complex disease. Obesity is not just a disease simply of people drinking too much sugary soft drink. Just attacking one thing, individually, isn't going to do much." ? Dr. Jeffrey Mechanick, a professor at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in a statement as health officials are expected to approve an unprecedented 16-ounce limit on sodas and other sugary drinks at restaurants, delis and movie theaters in New York City.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/quotations-day-070627283.html

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Protection against whooping cough waned during the five years after fifth dose of DTaP

ScienceDaily (Sep. 12, 2012) ? Protection against whooping cough (also called pertussis) waned during the five years after the fifth dose of the combined diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine, according to researchers from the Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Center. The fifth dose of DTaP is routinely given to 4- to 6-year-old children prior to starting kindergarten.

The study appears in the current online issue of the New England Journal of Medicine.

This is the first study to specifically focus on the large population of highly vaccinated children who had exclusively received DTaP vaccines since birth and for whom enough time had passed since their fifth dose that DTaP vaccine waning could be measured, said the researchers. They explained that the study period included a large pertussis outbreak that occurred in California during 2010. Researchers examined the relationship between time since vaccination with the likelihood of a positive pertussis test in the Kaiser Permanente Northern California population, which includes 3.3 million members in an integrated care system with electronic medical records and a central laboratory.

Researchers compared 277 children, 4 to 12 years of age, who were positive for pertussis with 3,318 children who were negative for pertussis and separately with 6,086 matched controls. They assessed the risk of pertussis in children from 2006 to 2011 in California relative to the time since the fifth dose of DTaP and found that protection from pertussis after the fifth dose of DTaP vaccine wanes more than 40 percent each year. The amount of protection remaining after five years depends heavily on the initial effectiveness of the fifth dose of DTaP, according to Nicola Klein, MD, PhD, co-director of the Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Center and the lead author of the study.

If the initial effectiveness of the fifth dose of DTaP was 95 percent, the effectiveness of DTaP would decrease to 71 percent after five years. Whereas if the initial effectiveness was 90 percent, it would decline to 42 percent after five years, explained the researchers.

"The findings suggest that whooping cough control measures may need to be reconsidered. Prevention of future outbreaks may be best achieved by developing new pertussis-containing vaccines or reformulating current vaccines to provide long-lasting immunity," said Klein.

"That said, the DTaP vaccine is effective and remains an important tool for protection against whooping cough for children and the communities in which they live, and following current CDC recommendations remains important."

The CDC currently recommends five DTaP shots for children. The first three shots are given at 2, 4, and 6 months of age. The fourth shot is given at 15 through 18 months of age, and a fifth shot is given when a child enters school, at 4 through 6 years of age.

The first pertussis vaccine was developed in the 1930s and was in widespread use by the mid-1940s, when pertussis vaccine was combined with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids to make the combination whole cell pertussis vaccine DTP. In 1991, concerns about DTP safety led to the development of the acellular pertussis DTaP vaccines that are associated with fewer side effects. DTaP vaccines have completely replaced the whole cell DTP vaccines in the United States as well as in many countries around the world.

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Kaiser Permanente, via EurekAlert!, a service of AAAS.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.


Journal Reference:

  1. Nicola P. Klein, Joan Bartlett, Ali Rowhani-Rahbar, Bruce Fireman, Roger Baxter. Waning Protection after Fifth Dose of Acellular Pertussis Vaccine in Children. New England Journal of Medicine, 2012; 367 (11): 1012 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1200850

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Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/most_popular/~3/dcsS8FlvdhM/120912184514.htm

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NFL 2012

133574622 ?Dallas Cowboys owner Jerry Jones (left) and Washington Redskins owner Daniel Snyder (right) are forfeiting salary cap space after a dispute with their fellow owners over what has been called an "imaginary salary cap."

Photo by Rob Carr/Getty Images

The overturning of four Saints' bounty suspensions?was a massive victory not just for the the weakest union in pro sports, but for the collective bargaining process in itself. The appeals panel didn't find that the players were innocent?it didn't even consider the question?but rather that commissioner Roger Goodell had stepped outside his jurisdiction when he unilaterally handed down punishments and?then upheld his own ruling.?The CBA did exactly what it was supposed to do: It dictated the actions that management was allowed take against labor, and it offered the redress of an independent appeals process.

Bountygate may end up being a sideshow, though?a Wavre to?Reggie White et al. v. NFL's Waterloo. Preliminary arguments began Thursday in Minneapolis in a lawsuit against the league that harks back to the worst sports scandals of the last generation: unrestrained collusion among the owners to keep payrolls down. (And let's remember: Every major issue baseball faced in the '90s?the strike, the steroids, the unrestrained expansion?has its roots in the collusion of the previous decade.)

The NFL has an incredible recent record of seeing its disputes end up in court. The Saints players?brought a lawsuit,?still pending, over the bounty suspensions. Last year, after temporarily decertifying the union, the players?filed an antitrust suit?seeking to prevent a lockout. We can add to that the Supreme Court?smacking down the league's merchandising monopoly?and the never-ending concussion lawsuits and now?White v. NFL. Has there ever been an established league that spent more time in courtrooms defending its very foundations than Roger Goodell's NFL?

The facts in the?White?case are straightforward and damning, and largely agreed upon by both sides. In 2010, the last year of an expiring labor deal, there was no salary cap. Teams were ostensibly free to carry whatever payroll they could afford, but in their summer meetings the owners came to a secret agreement. No one would cross the $123 million boundary, because if some teams spent freely, that would drive up prices for teams that would rather not spend at all.

The imaginary salary cap "came up several times in our meetings,"?said John Mara, Giants owner and chairman of the NFL's management committee.?Still, four teams took the gentlemen's agreement as something less than binding, because after all:?There was no actual rule. The Redskins, Cowboys, Raiders, and Saints all spent more than $123 million, despite being warned"at least six times"?that serious consequences would follow. And sure enough, the gavel came down. This season and next, Washington and Dallas (the two biggest spenders) will forfeit a combined $46 million in salary cap space, to be distributed among the other teams.

In other words: Dan Snyder and Jerry Jones are being punished for failing to collude with their fellow owners in a secret deal to keep hundreds of millions of dollars out of the hands of NFL players.

The NFL's initial justification, when it announced the penalties this spring, was laughable.?A league statement cited?"an unacceptable risk to future competitive balance," as if this were a matter of the sport's integrity rather than a transparent cash grab. Officials dropped that line of defense when it was pointed out that seven teams spent?less?than the previous year's salary floor without being punished. The next tack: a nonsensical appeal to justice, in which the only jurors were the same owners who had agreed to the imaginary salary cap in the first place. Sure enough, a unanimous vote upheld the Redskins' and Cowboys' punishments.

In a reversal of the bounty situation, the NFL is hiding behind the CBA, claiming that when it was signed last year the union forswore any right to sue. The last recourse for the players, the NFL argues, was an appeals panel headed by arbitrator Stephen Burbank, who never met a league ruling he couldn't rubber-stamp. The facts are meaningless because the final decision has already been made,?NFL attorney Gregg Levy told the judge handling the case.?"There was no secret salary cap.?But that doesn't matter." (Emphasis mine.)

Less than 20 years removed from a time when the NFL had no free agency, the CBA itself remains extraordinarily owner-friendly. To preserve its percentage of league revenue (still less than the players' share in the other three major sports), the union gives up the chance for outside redress, agreeing to settle all matters with arbitrators and appeals panels. And when it does try to fight within the system, it's severely handicapped. Consider: the NFLPA did initially sign off on the league's salary cap punishments, but only after being threatened with lower caps for every team.

The only way to challenge the salary cap punishments now, after they've gone through the collectively bargained appeals process, is to "re-interpret" the entire 1993 settlement that allowed for a salary cap in the NFL and punish the owners' collusion to the tune of $4 billion in damages. That's a tall order even for U.S. District Court Judge David Doty, who's made a series of pro-union rulings in the past. A "steep hill," Doty calls it, as he decides whether to take the case. So maybe Roger Goodell isn't?all-powerful, but in Minneapolis, the NFLPA isn't facing off against the commish. It's challenging the real power behind the scenes, the owners whose cash makes the league go, and the players are finding out just little they and their precious CBA matter when up against 32 billionaires in a smoky back room.

Source: http://feeds.slate.com/click.phdo?i=8f4a57ced5c65d79f03b30bb9f44b180

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